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建筑沙盘模型传统技艺，扒一扒那些古老做法 |
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（时间:2020/3/16 10:01:10） |
在沙盘模型制作的时候，要考虑到沙盘模型用材的特殊性、负载量和制作工艺等因素，所以在制作地形沙盘的时候采用依照比例尺真形展示和不依照比例尺夸张或抽像表示的原则，处理各类地形地物，对于专题要素则进行合理综合，是整个盘面在不影响实物沙盘模型整体效果的同时又能最大限度的反应专题信息。下面我们杭州景文沙盘模型公司就来和大家简单说说沙盘模型的处理。
地形沙盘
首先说一说，模型一般采用的是梯田式模型，其特点是能较好地反映等高线的主体效果,精度高,总体效果独特、生动。目前,主要采用重量轻、易切割、易镶嵌、不易变形高密度强力海绵材料制作山体，辅助材料有人工胶合板、泡沫板、硬纸板、石膏等。具体的制作方法如下。
1、根据垂直比例尺大小确定等高距、材料的厚度,以及基础等高线。
2、等高线的标描、复印与剪裁工作。用彩笔进行标描，对等高线进行综合取舍,在强力海绵材料上复印等高线时要按由低到高的顺序,并标明层数，然后逐层进行沿线切割。
3、山体的粘钉工作。用乳胶漆将底层的“梯田”，准确粘贴于底盘上,然后逐层进行叠加粘接，层与层之间套合不好的地方要随时用剪刀或手术刀进行修整。对于河流、湖泊，当用有机玻璃作原料时，先把水蓝色的有机玻璃压在基准起算面底下，用乳胶等胶水粘牢，由此构成雏形。
4、堆积塑料填补工作。为将阶梯状的简单形态变为自然的地表形态，需要制作填补料进行堆塑。填补料由石膏和榆树皮粉按照体积4∶1或重量2∶1比例组成。堆塑时，为使符合实地情况，应当仔细研究资料查证，认真研究本地区的特征，依图将台阶状的填补成符合实际的自然地表，特别要将重要的特征打造出来，并尽量一次堆塑填补好。确实需要进行第二次填补时，必须等到第一次堆塑的材料完全凉干后再进行。同时注意留出道路、河流位置，以便开挖。堆塑填补好后，应严格对照地形图等资料进行检查验收，做到正确无误，形象逼真。
5、美化表面工作。模型凉干后，可依据图修挖水系等元素，然后进行着色。颜料可用油画色或掺以适量胶水的广告色。着色样式，一般着自然色；高海拔或高差较大地区的沙盘，可分层着色，按由低到高的顺序着以绿、黄、棕、和土红，每种色要由浅变深、逐渐变化。
冰川：主要运用乳胶加入合适的白色晶体颜料掺杂，喷涂在对应的位置上。
山地灌丛：用染色的碎海蒿草或锯末、碎麻、碎海绵、碎纱等来表示，也可购买进口的草地粉末。
山地森林：用细铜丝折成树木干形状，然后涂上清漆，撒上染色的干醛胶颗粒或草沫、碎麻、碎纱，在根部粘上乳胶用镊子植入地层。采用装饰用植被草或海绵材料经磨制、染色而成的植被颗粒表示，用稀释乳胶喷洒固定，制作当中要注意平川与斜坡的植被配置过渡要自然，山的顶部、山谷、水域岸边和道路两侧要配以较深颜色、粗颗粒植被，用以增加林木感，以便更加生动地反映出实地的自然景观。
绿洲：喷撒染色的碎干醛胶颗粒或草沫、碎麻、碎纱就可以了。
When making the sand table model, we must consider the particularity, load and production process of the sand table model. Therefore, the principle of real-scale display in scale and non-scale exaggeration or abstraction in the terrain sand table are used when making the terrain sand table. Dealing with various types of terrain and features, and rationally integrating the thematic elements, the entire surface can reflect the thematic information to the greatest extent without affecting the overall effect of the physical sand table model. Let ’s talk about the processing of sand table models in Hangzhou Jingwen Sand Table Model Company.
?Terrain sandbox
?First of all, the model generally uses a terraced model, which is characterized by being able to better reflect the main effect of the contour line, with high accuracy, and the overall effect is unique and vivid. At present, high-density high-strength sponge materials that are light in weight, easy to cut, easy to inlay, and difficult to deform are mainly used to make mountain bodies. The auxiliary materials include artificial plywood, foam board, cardboard, plaster and so on. The specific manufacturing method is as follows.
1. Determine the contour distance, the thickness of the material, and the basic contour line according to the size of the vertical scale.
2. Contour drawing, copying and cutting. Use colored pens to mark and make comprehensive choices on contour lines. When copying contour lines on a strong sponge material, the order should be from low to high, and the number of layers should be indicated, and then cut along the line layer by layer.
3. Sticky nails on the mountain. Use latex paint to accurately paste the "terrace" of the bottom layer on the chassis, and then superimpose the layers one by one. The poorly fitted layers between layers should be trimmed with scissors or a scalpel at any time. For rivers and lakes, when plexiglass is used as the raw material, the water-blue plexiglass is first pressed under the reference starting surface, and glued with glue such as latex to form a prototype.
4. Fill up the plastic. In order to change the simple step-like form into a natural surface form, it is necessary to make filling materials for pile-up. The filling material is composed of gypsum and elm bark powder in a ratio of 4: 1 by volume or 2: 1 by weight. In the process of stacking, in order to conform to the actual situation, we should carefully study the data to verify the characteristics of the region, fill the steps into a natural natural surface according to the figure, and especially build important features, and try to pile them up at once. Plastic fills well. When it is really necessary to perform the second filling, it is necessary to wait until the first pile of material is completely dry before proceeding. At the same time, pay attention to leaving roads and rivers for excavation. After the pile is filled, it should be checked and accepted strictly against the topographic map and other data to ensure that it is correct and lifelike.
5. Beautify the surface work. After the model is dry, you can dig out the water system and other elements according to the figure, and then color it. The pigments can be painted colors or advertising colors mixed with an appropriate amount of glue. Coloring style, generally natural color; sand table in areas with high altitude or large difference can be layered and colored, in order from low to high, green, yellow, brown, and earth red, each color must be changed from light to dark Gradual change.
Glacier: Mainly use latex to add suitable white crystalline pigment to dope, spray on the corresponding position.
Mountain thickets: It is expressed by dyed broken artemisia grass or sawdust, broken hemp, broken sponge, broken yarn, etc. You can also buy imported grass powder.
Mountain forest: Fold the tree into a dry shape with thin copper wire, then apply varnish, sprinkle the dyed dry aldehyde glue particles or grass foam, broken linen, broken yarn, stick latex on the root and use tweezers to implant into the formation. Decorative vegetation grass or sponge material is used to grind and dye the vegetation particles, and it is fixed with diluted latex spray. During the production, pay attention to the transition of the vegetation configuration of Pingchuan and slopes to be natural. The tops of mountains, valleys, water shores and Both sides of the road should be equipped with darker, coarse-grained vegetation to increase the sense of forest, so as to more vividly reflect the natural landscape on the ground.
??Oasis: Spray and dye the crushed and dried aldehyde gum particles or grass foam, crushed hemp, and crushed yarn.
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